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Even so, rounding out your existing knowledge with some additional medical terms, abbreviations, and acronyms can help you gain an even better handle on what you hear in the health care world. This list can help you get started. Breaking down common medical terminology. The world of medical terminology is quite vast, so this list is organized by category to make it a little easier to digest. The charts providers use for making notes are what does i & r stand for in medical terms filled with this kind what does i & r stand for in medical terms medical terminology.

You might even know some of them by a different name. Abscess : A eoes, fluid-filled pocket that forms in tissue, usually due to infection. Acute : Signifies a condition that begins abruptly and is sometimes severe, but the duration is short. Benign : Not cancerous. Chronic : Signifies a recurring, persistent condition like heart disease. Contusion : A bruise. Defibrillator : A medical device that uses electric shocks to restore normal heartbeat. Edema : Swelling caused by fluid accumulation.

Embolism : An arterial blockage, often caused by a blood clot. Epidermis : The outer layer of the skin. Fracture : Broken bone or cartilage. Gland : An organ or tissue that produces and secretes fluids that serve a specific function. Hypertension : High blood pressure. Inpatient : A patient who requires hospitalization. Meidcal : Indicates the presence of cancerous cells. Outpatient : A patient who receives care without being admitted to a hospital. Prognosis : The predicated outcome of disease progression and treatment.

Relapse : Return of disease or symptoms after a patient has recovered. Sutures : Stitches, which are used to join tissues together as they heal. Transplant : The removal of an organ or tissue from fod body that is implanted into another. Vaccine : A substance that stimulates antibody production to provide immunity against disease. Zoonotic disease does risd accept transfer students A disease that is transmissible from animals to humans. Medical terminology follows the same structural rules all language does, including use of prefixes and suffixes.

You may be familiar with some of these from words outside the realm of medicine. A- an- : Lack of or without. Dys- : Abnormal, difficult, or painful. Macro- : Large in size. Micro- : Small in size. Poly- : Many. Pseudo- : False or deceptive, usually in regard to appearance. Retro- : Behind or backward. Some medical root words are intuitive simply based on your experiences.

Sclerosis : Hard or hardening. Stasis : Slowing or stopping the flow of a bodily fluid. ALS : Advanced life support. Bl wk : Blood work. BMI : Body mass index, a measure of body fat based on height and weight. BP : Blood pressure. C-spine : Cervical spine. EKG : Electrocardiogram, a way of monitoring the heart and testing for problems.

HR : Heart rate, expressed as beats нажмите для деталей minute. Lytes : Electrolytes. NICU : Neonatal intensive смотрите подробнее unit, a specialized unit that cares for premature infants. OR : Operating room where surgeries are performed. Pre-op : Preoperative.

Psych : Refers to psychiatry or the psychiatric ward. PT : Physical therapy, a type of treatment to help patients move and feel better. Rx : Prescription, usually for medication but can also signify another treatment. Stat : Immediately. This medical terminology cheat sheet covers a lot of основываясь на этих данных, but there will likely be times when you hear something unfamiliar.

Doctors aim to foster an environment that where to eat lunch biltmore estate dialogue. Having thoughtful conversations with your physician is about more than just gaining term. In fact, engaging with your doctor could result in a healthier life.

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A-Z of medical terms | RCOG

 
List of medical abbreviations: R ; ROM, range of motion rupture of membranes ; ROP, right occipital posterior (see childbirth) retinopathy of prematurity ; ROS. Del. Rm.—delivery room. diff—differential. DNA—deoxyribonucleic acid. DNR—do not resuscitate.

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Share the Definition of Rx on Twitter Twitter. Medical Definition. Love words? Complete miscarriage When all the tissue associated with a pregnancy has gone and the uterus is empty. Complications Problems that develop after an operation, treatment or illness. Consultant-led A consultant led maternity unit is a maternity unit where there are specialist doctors obstetricians and anesthetists as well as midwives, available at all times to look after you during your labour and the birth of your baby.

There will also be neonatologists doctors who specialize in the care of new born babies available to look after your baby if they need additional support at birth. You may be advised to give birth in a consultant led unit if you have risk factors which may make labour or birth more complicated for you or your baby. Conception When an egg is fertilised by sperm and then starts to grow in the womb. Condition A state of being, like being healthy or fit, or having a problem, such as a heart problem.

See also stress incontinence. Contraception Contraception, or birth control, is what you and your partner can use to help prevent an unwanted pregnancy or to space out your pregnancies. There are many different forms of contraception including condoms, hormonal pills and implants, hormonal and non-hormonal coils and permanent methods such as female sterilization or vasectomy.

You can get more information about contraception from your GP or a family planning clinic. Also used during pregnancy in women who are thought may have their baby prematurely. They reduce the chance of the baby having problems from being born prematurely. See also steroids. Counsellor A trained professional who helps people to make sense of feelings and issues. CTG cardio-tocograph This is a machine that measures your baby’s heart beat and your contractions by using sensors that are attached to your abdomen with an elastic belt Cystocele When the bladder bulges into the weakened wall of the vagina.

A lump may be seen or felt. Deep vein thrombosis DVT A blood clot that forms in a deep vein. Delayed cord clamping Delaying the cutting of the umbilical cord for a few minutes, which allows time for extra blood to flow from the placenta into the baby. Delivery Birth of a baby and its afterbirth see placenta. A baby may be delivered through the vagina or by caesarean section.

Diabetes A condition caused by high levels of glucose a form of sugar in the blood. The amount of glucose in your blood is controlled by a hormone called insulin. See also Diabatetes Type 1 and Type 2 below. Diabetes — Type 1 A serious, lifelong condition where your blood glucose level is too high because your body can’t make a hormone called insulin, which controls blood glucose.

Insulin is a hormone that controls blood glucose levels. If you blood glucose levels are too high it can cause a variety of health problems for you Diagnosis The way a medical professional recognises a condition or disease.

Diathermy A surgical procedure to heat up and destroy body tissue or stop bleeding. Also known as electrocoagulation. Dilatation The process of your cervix opening during labour.

Discharge letter A letter a hospital doctor sends to a GP once treatment has finished telling the GP what has been done. The patient should be given a copy. Disease An abnormal condition in the body causing harm. Doppler A method for measuring the flow of blood, for example through the umbilical cord during pregnancy. Dysmenorrhoea Painful periods.

Dyspareunia Pain during or after sexual intercourse. E Ectopic pregnancy When a fertilised egg embryo implants outside the womb usually in one of the fallopian tubes. Early miscarriage When a woman loses her baby in the first three months of pregnancy. Early pregnancy assessment unit A clinic that specialises in problems in early pregnancy under 12 weeks where a woman receives medical care, counselling and treatment as required. Electrocoagulation See diathermy. Embryo A fertilised egg. Emergency caesarean delivery A caesarean delivery which was not planned during pregnancy.

It is usually done because labour is not progressing normally or when the baby is unable to cope with labour and becomes distressed.

Endometriosis A condition where cells of the lining of the womb the endometrium are found elsewhere, usually around the pelvis and near the womb. Endometritis Inflammation of the lining of the womb, causing discomfort or pain. Endometrium The lining of the womb uterus. Enzyme A protein found in cells that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. Epidural An anaesthetic injection into the space around the nerves in your back to numb the lower body. Episiotomy A cut made through the vaginal wall and perineum to make more space to deliver the baby.

Estrogen A female sex hormone produced by the ovaries as part of the menstrual cycle. It encourages an egg to mature and prepares the womb for a pregnancy. Levels vary during the menstrual cycle. Evidence-based medicine A way of using reliable, objective, up-to-date evidence about how well different treatments or interventions work. It is also used to diagnose or predict the course of specific conditions. Extended or frank breech The baby is bottom first, with the thighs against the chest and feet up by the ears.

Most breech babies are in this position. External cephalic version ECV Gentle pressure applied to the abdomen, if the baby is breech, by the obstetrician or midwife towards the end of pregnancy to help the baby turn in the uterus so it lays head first. Fallopian tubes The pair of hollow tubes leading from the womb to the fimbriae near the ovaries.

Each month one ovary releases an egg, which moves down the fallopian tube into the womb. The fallopian tube is where the egg is fertilised by sperm in natural conception. Fecundity Being fertile. It is illegal in the UK. Fertilisation When a sperm enters an egg and an embryo forms. It can also take place outside the body, which is known as assisted conception. Techniques include IVF. Fertility The ability to conceive a baby and, for a woman, to become pregnant.

Fertility drugs Treatment to encourage the ovaries to produce an egg. It is used during treatment for infertility. Fetus An unborn baby. Fetal medicine specialist A doctor who specialises in the growth, development, care and treatment of an unborn baby. Fibroids Non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscle myometrium of the womb uterus.

A woman can have one fibroid or many, and they can be of different sizes. Fibroids are sometimes known as uterine myomas or leiomyomas. Fimbriae The fern-like ends of the fallopian tubes , near the ovaries.

First-degree tear A small skin-deep tear of the perineum during childbirth which usually heals naturally. Flexed breech position The baby is laying bottom first in the womb, with the thighs against the chest and the knees bent. Folic acid A B vitamin which reduces the risk of a baby being born with a spinal defect such as spina bifida.

Ideally, a woman should take folic acid micrograms 3 months before conceiving. All women should take it for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Follicle The part of the ovary where the egg develops.

Forceps delivery Smooth metal instruments like large spoons or tongs which are used to help deliver the baby. See also assisted birth. Fourth-degree tear A tear during childbirth which extends to the anal canal as well as the rectum. G Gamma globulin IgG A natural substance in the blood that protects against disease and infection.

It is also used as a drug to boost immunity. Gastroenteritis Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually resulting in diarrhoea or vomiting. Gastrointestinal Relating to the stomach and intestine. Gene A biological unit which passes on inherited information from parent to child, like facial characteristics. Genetic Relating to, caused or controlled by genes.

Genetic counselling Discussions with a specialist to help you decide what to do if you, your partner or a close relative is found to carry an inheritable disease. Genitals The sexual organs: in a woman, the vagina and vulva ; and in a man, the penis and testicles.

Genital herpes An infection caused by the virus Herpes simplex the virus that also causes cold sores. It is passed from one person to another by skin-to-skin contact.

See also herpes. Gestational diabetes A form of diabetes triggered during pregnancy. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease GTD An uncommon group of conditions involving the placenta, which includes complete and partial molar pregnancies Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia GTN This is a rare form of cancer which can develop from a molar pregnancy or other forms of gestational trophoblastic disease Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist A synthetic hormone-like drug which holds back the production of eggs.

Gonadotrophins Hormones that help ovulation in women and the production of sperm in men. See also follicle-stimulating hormone , human chorionic gonadotrophin and luteinising hormone. Gonorrhoea A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoea or gonococcus. It is treated with antibiotics, and can cause long lasting damage in both partners if left untreated. Graduated elastic compression stocking An elasticated stocking which helps reduce swelling from deep vein thrombosis DVT.

However, it can cause a serious infection in a newborn baby. It can also cause infection in the womb endometritis. Guideline Recommendations for good medical practice. They help patients and their medical teams make decisions about care like those produced by the RCOG and are developed by specialist teams who look at the best evidence available about care or treatment for a particular condition. Gynaecologist A doctor who treats medical conditions and diseases that affect women and their reproductive organs.

It works by blocking the action of the virus and the progress of the infection. Haematologist A doctor who specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the blood.

Haemolysis Breaking down of red blood cells in the body. Haemorrhage Very heavy bleeding. In pregnancy it is called different names depending on the stage of pregnancy. It can happen: Before 24 weeks of pregnancy threatened miscarriage or miscarriage if the pregnancy is lost After 24 weeks of pregnancy antepartum haemorrhage Immediately after birth postpartum haemorrhage HELLP syndrome A combined liver and blood clotting disorder which is a complication of pre-eclampsia.

Heparin A type of anti-coagulant medication that is given by injection. Herpes A family of viruses which cause a range of infections including chickenpox Herpes zoster , or varicella , cold sores and genital herpes Herpes simplex.

High-dependency unit A ward or area in a hospital that provides care for people who need intensive observation or treatment. Hormone treatment The use of hormones to treat disease or to replace hormones no longer produced by the body. Hormones Naturally occurring substances made in the body which control the activity of normal cells. They include: follicle stimulating hormone , gonadotrophins , human chorionic gonadotrophin , luteinising hormone , estrogen , progesterone , prostaglandin.

HRT Hormone replacement therapy is the use of hormones to treat symptoms related to low levels of hormones in the body. May be used as part of assisted conception to help eggs to mature and to help an embryo attach to the womb. HIV is passed through contact with body fluids blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk. Human papillomavirus or HPV A common virus that most men and women will have at some point in their life. In most people, HPV will go away by itself without causing problems.

A few types of HPV can cause cell changes that may develop into cancer. Hyperprolactinaemia A disorder which increases the normal level of the hormone prolactin.

It can cause irregular periods and fertility problems. Hypertension Raised blood pressure. Hypotension Low blood pressure. Hypothalamus A small structure at the base of the brain which regulates body functions such as temperature and appetite.

Hysterectomy An operation to remove the cervix and womb , carried out through a cut on the abdomen abdominal hysterectomy or the vagina vaginal hysterectomy. The ovaries can be removed at the same time, if necessary.

Hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography An ultrasound test of the fallopian tubes or the womb , using fluid injected through the cervix. Hysterosalpingogram HSG An X-ray of the fallopian tubes or the womb , using fluid injected through the cervix.

Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy A small operation which opens the entrance to the womb cervix to remove tissue from the lining of the womb the endometrium. I Immune system The way the body defends itself against infection, disease and outside substances. Immunity Protection against infectious diseases through the action of the immune system. You can become immune to some diseases by catching them. Vaccinations also provide immunity. Immunotherapy Treatment to prevent or change the response of the immune system.

Implantation The process through which an embryo attaches to the lining of the womb. Usually one or two embryos are then transferred to the womb. If one or more of them implants successfully, the woman becomes pregnant. So, in a nutshell, both M. Ds can be referred to as doctors. And if someone has both, even better—depending on your needs, it may be just what the doctor ordered. Want more synonyms? Get Thesaurus. Feedback Dictionary. Platelets Specialised cells necessary for blood clotting.

Polycystic ovaries Ovaries which have at least twice as many developing follicles as normal ovaries in the early part of the menstrual cycle. It can also affect long-term health. Polyhydramnios Too much fluid amniotic fluid surrounding the baby in the uterus. Post-mortem A medical examination of the body to find a cause of death. Postpartum haemorrhage Heavy blood loss after the delivery of the baby. Pre-eclampsia also known as toxaemia A condition that occurs in the second half of pregnancy, associated with high blood pressure and protein in the urine.

Pregnancy test A test on a sample of urine or blood to confirm whether a woman is pregnant. The test works by detecting the presence of a pregnancy hormone. Preterm labour Labour that happens before 37 weeks of pregnancy.

Progesterone A hormone produced as a result of ovulation. It prepares the lining of the womb to enable a fertilised egg to implant there. Progestogen A synthetic hormone , similar to progesterone. It thickens the mucus around the cervix , making it difficult for sperm to get into the womb or for a fertilised egg to implant in the womb. Prolactin The hormone which is responsible for producing breast milk. Prolapse Where the bladder , womb or bowel pushes through the wall of the vagina.

Prostaglandin The hormone that makes the womb contract during labour. Synthetic prostaglandins can be used to induce labour or in medical abortion to end a pregnancy. Proteinuria Protein in the urine. Pubic, pubis The area around the bone at the front of the pelvis. Pudendal block A local anaesthetic injection inside the vagina.

Pulmonary embolus Part of a blood clot DVT which breaks off and travels in the blood stream and becomes stuck in the lung. R Randomised controlled trial RCT A study which tests the effectiveness and safety of treatments or procedures as fairly and objectively as possible. By randomly assigning patients to different treatments for the same problem, the results can be assessed equally with the aim of discovering the best possible procedure for the condition.

Rectocele When the rectum bulges into the weakened wall of the vagina. Rectum The part of the large intestine which stores solid waste until it leaves the body through the anus. Recurrent miscarriage When a woman loses three or more babies before 23 completed weeks.

Regional Anaesthetic This is anaesthetic given to numb part of your body for an operation and is an alternative to a general anaesthetic where you are asleep for your operation. Reproductive organs The parts of the male and female body needed to create and sustain a pregnancy. Reproductive years In women, the time from the start of menstrual periods menarche to the menopause. Retrovirus A type of virus. HIV is a retrovirus. These people are known as RhD positive. People who do not have the protein are described as RhD negative.

See also blood group. Risk The chance that an activity or hazard will give rise to harm. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists RCOG We are the professional body who oversee the medical education, training and examination of obstetricians and gynaecologists in the UK and many places overseas.

We set internationally recognised standards and produce clinical guidelines for treatment and care. Rupture of membranes The medical term for the breaking of waters in pregnancy. S Sanitary pad A disposable pad of absorbent material used to collect blood during menstruation and after childbirth. Scientific evidence Information gathered in a systematic way to confirm or disprove a particular idea.

Growing understanding may result in established practices being changed. Screening A test or set of tests to check for a condition in a person who shows no symptoms, but who may be at risk perhaps because of their age or sexual behaviour, for example. Second-degree tear A tear during childbirth which affects the muscle of the perineum as well as the skin, and usually requiring stitches.

Second stage of labour The period when the cervix is fully dilated until the birth. This is the time when the woman will start pushing. Semen The fluid that contains sperm.

Sepsis The immune system’s overreaction to an infection or injury which can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. Severe pre-eclampsia When pre-eclampsia has progressed and treatment is required or the baby needs to be delivered. Sexually transmitted infection STI An infection that is passed on through close physical contact during sex. Some STIs have no symptoms, so it is important to be tested if you think you have been at risk.

See also chlamydia , genital herpes and HIV. Sickle cell disease SCD An inherited condition in which red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body, develop abnormally. Skin to skin contact Having your baby on you with their naked skin next to yours. This helps with temperature control, establishing breast feeding and bonding with your new baby Sonographer A healthcare professional who uses ultrasound equipment to scan your baby to in order to check their growth and development Special care baby unit A specialist unit in a hospital to care for premature babies.

Speculum A plastic or metal instrument used to separate the walls of the vagina to show or reach the cervix. Men usually have millions of sperm in their semen. Spina bifida A condition which affects the unborn baby in the early stages of pregnancy. Spina bifida causes damage to the spinal cord and nerves.

Spinal anaesthesia An anaesthetic injection into the lower back that numbs the lower body so surgery can be carried out in this area without you feeling any pain. Spontaneous vaginal birth The natural birth of a baby through the vaginal canal without assistance.

Sterilisation Permanent contraception for women see tubal occlusion and men see vasectomy. Steroids A group of natural or synthetic hormones. See also corticosteroids. Stillbirth When a baby is born dead after the 23rd completed week of pregnancy. Stool or faeces The waste matter discharged in a bowel movement.

Stress incontinence Leaking urine during everyday activities like coughing, laughing or exercising. This usually happens because the muscles that support the bladder are too weak. Succenturial lobe An additional piece of placenta connected by membranes. See also abortion and medical abortion. Sutures Stitches which may dissolve, or remain within the body permanently. Symptom A specific medical sign of a condition, illness or disease. Syndrome A collection of different signs and symptoms that are all part of the same underlying medical condition.

Systematic review A review of evidence from a number of studies on a particular topic. The review uses standardised methods to analyse results and assess conclusions. T Thrombophilia A blood clotting abnormality which tends to run in families, whereby the blood is more likely to clot than usual.

Tachycardia A rapid heart beat. Tampon A tube of absorbent material that fits into the vagina to absorb the menstrual blood. Temperature The degree of hotness or coldness of a body or an environment. Term Between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy. Testosterone A male hormone that occurs in small amounts in women and can be used as a part of hormone replacement therapy Third-degree tear A tear during childbirth which extends downwards from the vaginal wall and perineum to the anal sphincter, the muscle that controls the anus.

Threatened miscarriage Bleeding before 24 weeks of pregnancy which occurs without harm to the baby. Thrombosis A clot in a blood vessel. Thrush See vaginal thrush. To open bowels To go to the toilet to pass solid waste. Tocolysis Treatments used to delay or prevent early labour. Toxaemia See pre-eclampsia. Transabdominal scan A scan where the probe is moved across the abdomen. Transvaginal scan A scan where the probe is placed inside the vagina.

Transverse position When the baby is lying across the womb. Trimester A three-month period of time. Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters: First trimester — up to around 13 weeks Second trimester — to around 13 to 26 weeks Third trimester — around 27 to 40 weeks Tubal occlusion An operation which blocks, seals or cuts the fallopian tubes.

Also known as sterilisation. It is a permenant method of contraception for women. U Ultrasound High-frequency sound waves used to provide images of the body, tissues and internal organs.

Urethra The tube through which urine empties out of the bladder. Urethracele When the tissues that hold the urethra in place weaken, causing it to move and put pressure on the vagina , sometimes pushing through the wall of the vagina. Urine Excreted fluids containing waste products of the body. Urodynamics Tests to assess how the bladder is working. Uterine rupture This is when the muscle of your uterus womb tears, usually because of contractions while you are in labour.

Uterine sarcoma A disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the muscles of the uterus or other tissues that support the uterus, rather than the lining of the womb, as in the case of uterine carcinoma.

Uterus also known as womb The organ where a baby develops during pregnancy. Made of muscle, it is hollow, stretchy and about the size and shape of an upside-down pear. V Vagina The canal leading from the vulva to the cervix. Vaginal discharge Any vaginal secretion except menstrual bleeding.

Normal vaginal discharge A clear or whitish fluid that comes from the vagina or cervix. Abnormal vaginal discharge An abnormal smelling yellow or green discharge which should be assessed by a doctor.

This may be carried out using a speculum. Vaginal swab Similar to a cotton bud, but smaller and rounder. Some have a small plastic loop at the end instead of a cotton tip. It is wiped over the vagina to collect samples of fluid to check for infection. Vaginal thrush An infection caused by a yeast known as Candida albicans. Symptoms include redness and itching around the genital area and unusual vaginal discharge.

Varicella The medical name for chickenpox. See chickenpox. Vas deferens The tube which carries sperm from the testicles to the penis.

Vasectomy A permanent method of contraception for men. It blocks, seals or cuts the tube the vas deferens which carries sperm from the testicles to the penis. Vein A blood vessel that takes blood towards the heart. Velamentous cord insertion Normally the umbilical cord inserts into the centre of the placenta. Velamentous cord insertion is when it runs through the membranes before reaching the placenta Venous thrombosis A blood clot that forms in a vein. Virus A micro-organism which invades living cells in order to grow or reproduce.

Viruses cause many infections, from the common cold, chickenpox and measles to HIV. Vulva The area surrounding the opening of the vagina. It includes the inner and outer vaginal lips the labia and the clitoris. W Weak cervix When the cervix the neck of the womb opens too early in pregnancy, in the second trimester , and without contractions. White cell Cells in the lymphatic and blood systems of the body which fight infection.

White cell count A count to measure the number of white blood cells. Womb See uterus. Elsewhere on the site. FAQs Read the most common queries put to the College by patients. Patient information leaflets Read the information leaflets designed especially for patients. The tummy area from the lower ribs to the pelvis. Of the abdomen. Ending a pregnancy using either medicines medical abortion or an operation surgical abortion.

Endometriosis in the muscle wall of the uterus. Scars that connects two or more body structures together. A way of testing the fluid surrounding a baby in the womb by taking a small sample with a needle put into the womb through the abdomen.

The watery liquid surrounding and protecting the growing fetus in the uterus. The pregnancy sac containing the baby and the amniotic fluid. A condition when the level of haemoglobin, the protein in blood which carries oxygen round the body, is lower than normal. The muscle around the anus that is squeezed to prevent passing wind or opening the bowels involuntarily. Social Media Events. Cancer Currents Blog. Contributing to Cancer Research.

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