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Notably, Chinese immigrants were more than twice as likely to have a graduate or professional degree compared to the other two groups 29 percent compared to 14 percent for all immigrants and 12 percent for the U. This high educational attainment is linked to the specific channels through which Chinese immigrants enter the United States. In recent decades, many Chinese immigrants arrived either as international college students or high-skilled H-1B temporary workers generally requiring a university degree.

China is the leading sending country of international students in the United States: In the school year, close to , students from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau were enrolled in U. They accounted for about one-third of the 1 million international students studying in the United States. Approximately 46 percent of Chinese students were enrolled in science, technology, engineering, and math STEM fields. In FY , Chinese citizens represented 12 percent of the , H-1B petitions initial and continuing employment approved by U.

Chinese immigrants participate in the labor force at a lower rate than the overall immigrant and native-born populations. In , almost 60 percent of Chinese immigrants ages 16 and over were in the civilian labor force, compared to 66 percent and 62 percent of the total foreign- and native-born populations, respectively.

More than half of Chinese immigrants were employed in management, business, science, and arts occupations versus 33 percent of the overall foreign-born and 40 percent of the native-born population. Figure 5. Source :MPI tabulation of data from the U. Census Bureau ACS. Chinese immigrants were slightly more likely to live in families with annual incomes below the official poverty threshold 17 percent compared to immigrants overall 15 percent or the U.

In , 53 percent of all Chinese immigrants in the United States were naturalized U. Compared to all immigrants, Chinese immigrants are more likely to have arrived in the United States recently. Thirty-four percent of Chinese immigrants arrived in or later.

Another 24 percent arrived between and , and 42 percent before see Figure 6. Figure 6. In FY , China was the third largest country of origin for new lawful permanent residents LPRs, also known as green-card holders , after Mexico and Cuba. Approximately 67, 6 percent of the nearly 1. Compared to new green-card holders in general, Chinese immigrants were much more likely to use employment-based preferences 29 percent versus 13 percent of all LPRs; see Figure 7.

In contrast, Chinese immigrants were less likely than new LPRs overall to obtain green cards as immediate relatives of U. There are significant backlogs for mainland Chinese applying for LPR status through employment-based and family-sponsored channels, due to the annual per-country cap on the number of immigrant visas available for these categories. According to the most recent visa issuance data, in January the State Department was processing family-sponsored green-card applications that had been filed by Chinese applicants well more than a decade earlier: February for those with family-linked visas and April for those with employment-related applications.

Figure 7. Notes : Family-sponsored : Includes adult children and siblings of U. Immediate relatives of U. Diversity Visa Lottery : The Immigration Act of established the Diversity Visa Lottery to allow entry to immigrants from countries with low rates of immigration to the United States. The law states that 55, diversity visas in total are made available each fiscal year.

While individuals born in mainland China are not eligible for the lottery, those from Hong Kong and Macau are eligible. It led to major changes in all areas of society; labour flexibility and privatization left large numbers of workers unemployed, unable to be reabsorbed by the internal-market.

Rural-urban mobility, the polarization of the distribution of wealth and the consequent widening of the gap between rich and poor are all relevant factors for this migration. According to the IMO, there are currently about million migrants in the world. Chinese migrants amount to Asian migration, both domestic and international, is the largest globally.

The data presented in this section intends to give a detailed outline about Chinese Diaspora and their presence in the global community. The amount of data we used describes within every continent in the world the main destination countries for Chinese immigrants and within those, the principal cities which host the largest Chinese diaspora settlements.

At the same time, we try to give a statistical analysis of the data introduced in order to identify and explore the current relevant global trends and causes of Chinese immigration taking place in every continent included, having a particular focus on the States which became during the XIX and the XXth century prominent centers for the formation of Chinese diaspora communities. Over the past decade there has been an accelerating trend of Chinese migration in Europe.

The number of Chinese migrants is, however, relatively low compared to other immigrant groups in the rest of the world. The estimated Chinese population in Europe is about 2. The main communities can be found in the United Kingdom, France, and Italy. The United Kingdom has the largest Chinese population in the region. In the UK it is estimated at around , Latham, The main communities are: Chinatown in London; the Chinese Quarter of Birmingham; the Chinatown in Manchester, which is the second largest Chinatown in the UK and the third in Europe; and the Chinatown in Liverpool, which is home to the oldest Chinese community in Europe.

French Chinese communities are the oldest communities in Europe. Chinese population in France is estimated to be around , Latham, Half the Chinese community lives in Paris, which has three Chinatown districts: the 13th Arrondissement of Paris, the Belleville area and the Temple and Arts-et-Meriers area. The Chinese communities in Italy are growing rapidly from about 70, in to , in Latham, The main communities are Milan Chinatown, the most important community in Italy, which amounts to 13, regular residents.

Other two important communities are in Rome and the one in Prato. Over the past decade, Chinese citizens have emerged as the fastest-growing ethnic minority in Russia and they represent the fourth biggest ethnic group in this country. Chinese population in Russia is estimated around , European Chinese Association, and the main communities are in Moscow Chinatown, where around 15, live Neumeyer, and in the Russian Far East Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, and Ussuriysk.

Over the last decade the Chinese population in the Western part of Russia has increased to , people. At the same time, Saint Petersburg has commenced to receive considerable amounts of Chinese migrants during the last years. Such an occurrence would require an annual influx of about , to , Chinese, so far it is estimated that around , Chinese people live in Siberia, having primarily concentrated on areas like Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, and Ussuriysk Repnikova, Today, the total Chinese Population in Africa is estimated at close to one million Migration Policy Institute, , though it is virtually impossible to obtain a concrete figure.

South Africa has the largest community of ethnic Chinese in Africa, amounting at circa , people Migration Policy Institute, The main settlement is in Johannesburg, where there are two Chinatowns and an estimated , Chinese residents Cox, Other regions where communities are situated are Pretoria and Port Elizabeth.

Angola—China relations date back to the independence of Angola and the two countries are tied by an emerging trade relationship. According to the director of the Angolan Office of Migration and Foreigners, Chinese people living in Angola during the year , amounted to , people.

The main Chinatown is in Luanda. The number of Chinese migrants in Nigeria has grown exponentially since , including not only Chinese citizens, but also Taiwanese and people from Hong Kong. Two years ago, there was an increase in migration of 20, people due to Chinese investments in the country and work opportunities for migrants in the region.

Lagos and Kano host the biggest Chinese communities in Nigeria. Even with the conflicting statistics on the number of Chinese in Tanzania, we can say that in statistics of Tanzania’s immigration showed that they had issued work or residence permits to just Chinese nationals, making them one of the smaller groups of foreigners in the country.

The largest Chinese community in Latin America is concentrated in this zone. He adds that their success in Brazilian business has been replicated in every other profession, too, as well as the Brazilian Armed Forces.

Paraguay has also been involved because, although it has a smaller colony of nearly 40,, it is a fertile territory for further settlement, as evidenced by its over 15, Chinese residents in Ciudad del Este and its recently opened Chinatrust Bank branch.

In Argentina, there is a special phenomenon. It has more than 30, Chinese residents in its territory. And, unlike other countries in the region, has no strict immigration laws. In addition to benefiting Argentina with regard to its tax burden, the policy has led China to be a key factor in the revival of its economy. The contribution made by the Chinese to Argentina has not been restricted to Buenos Aires.

As a result of the new immigration law, which requires new immigrants to live outside the capital, many Chinese are located in other major cities, such as Rosario and Cordoba. Needless to say, these immigrants have been setting up businesses. It includes commodity exports, technology imports and tourism. Small supermarkets which, thanks to their low prices, strongly compete the most important chains, such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour.

The Chinese presence is also large in Venezuela, which is home to nearly 60, Immediate access to statistics, forecasts, reports and outlooks Usage and publication rights Download in various formats.

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