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What does i & r mean in medical terms – what does i & r mean in medical terms:
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abbreviations with their intended meaning. Medical abbreviations beginning with A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R. Del. Rm.—delivery room. diff—differential. DNA—deoxyribonucleic acid. DNR—do not resuscitate. Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems. Vital signs can be measured in a medical setting, at home, at the site of a medical.
 
 

What does i & r mean in medical terms – what does i & r mean in medical terms:

Temperatures can be taken under the arm using a glass or digital thermometer. Temperatures taken by this route tend to be 0. By ear. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the ear drum, which reflects the body’s core temperature the temperature of the internal organs.

By skin. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the skin on the forehead. Body temperature may be abnormal due to fever high temperature or hypothermia low temperature. A fever is indicated when body temperature rises about one degree or more over the normal temperature of Hypothermia is defined as a drop in body temperature below 95 degrees Fahrenheit.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, mercury is a toxic substance that poses a threat to the health of humans, as well as to the environment. Because of the risk of breaking, glass thermometers containing mercury should be removed from use and disposed of properly in accordance with local, state, and federal laws. Contact your local health department, waste disposal authority, or fire department for information on how to properly dispose of mercury thermometers. The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute.

As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the arteries expand and contract with the flow of the blood. Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but also can indicate the following:. The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions.

Females ages 12 and older, in general, tend to have faster heart rates than do males. Athletes, such as runners, who do a lot of cardiovascular conditioning, may have heart rates near 40 beats per minute and experience no problems. As the heart forces blood through the arteries, you feel the beats by firmly pressing on the arteries, which are located close to the surface of the skin at certain points of the body.

The pulse can be found on the side of the neck, on the inside of the elbow, or at the wrist. For most people, it is easiest to take the pulse at the wrist. If you use the lower neck, be sure not to press too hard, and never press on the pulses on both sides of the lower neck at the same time to prevent blocking blood flow to the brain.

When taking your pulse:. Using the first and second fingertips, press firmly but gently on the arteries until you feel a pulse. Count your pulse for 60 seconds or for 15 seconds and then multiply by four to calculate beats per minute. If your doctor has ordered you to check your own pulse and you are having difficulty finding it, consult your doctor or nurse for additional instruction.

The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and other medical conditions. When checking respiration, it is important to also note whether a person has any difficulty breathing. Normal respiration rates for an adult person at rest range from 12 to 16 breaths per minute.

Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries, resulting in the highest blood pressure as the heart contracts.

When the heart relaxes, the blood pressure falls. Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure. The higher number, or systolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the body.

The lower number, or diastolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood. Both the systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded as “mm Hg” millimeters of mercury.

This recording represents how high the mercury column in an old-fashioned manual blood pressure device called a mercury manometer or sphygmomanometer is raised by the pressure of the blood. Today, your doctor’s office is more likely to use a simple dial for this measurement. High blood pressure , or hypertension, directly increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. With high blood pressure, the arteries may have an increased resistance against the flow of blood, causing the heart to pump harder to circulate the blood.

Elevated blood pressure is systolic of to and diastolic less than Stage 1 high blood pressure is systolic is to or diastolic between 80 to Stage 2 high blood pressure is when systolic is or higher or the diastolic is 90 or higher.

These numbers should be used as a guide only. A single blood pressure measurement that is higher than normal is not necessarily an indication of a problem. Your doctor will want to see multiple blood pressure measurements over several days or weeks before making a diagnosis of high blood pressure and starting treatment. Ask your provider when to contact him or her if your blood pressure readings are not within the normal range. For people with hypertension, home monitoring allows your doctor to monitor how much your blood pressure changes during the day, and from day to day.

This may also help your doctor determine how effectively your blood pressure medication is working. Either an aneroid monitor, which has a dial gauge and is read by looking at a pointer, or a digital monitor, in which the blood pressure reading flashes on a small screen, can be used to measure blood pressure.

The aneroid monitor is less expensive than the digital monitor. The cuff is inflated by hand by squeezing a rubber bulb. Some units even have a special feature to make it easier to put the cuff on with one hand. However, the unit can be easily damaged and become less accurate. Because the person using it must listen for heartbeats with the stethoscope, it may not be appropriate for the hearing-impaired. The digital monitor is automatic, with the measurements appearing on a small screen.

Intensive care unit A specialist unit within a hospital that provides extra care for seriously ill people. Interstitial cystitis Inflammation of the bladder wall. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI A form of assisted conception in which a single sperm is injected into an egg. Intrapartum During birth. Made of plastic and copper, it has one or two soft threads at the end which emerge through the cervix into the top of the vagina. Made of plastic, it slowly releases the hormone progestogen.

Intravenous drip IV drip Fluids put into a vein to rehydrate the body. Drips contain different combinations of minerals and chemicals, for example sugar and carbohydrate to provide extra energy. Invasive A medical procedure when a cut is made to the body or an instrument is inserted. Irritable bowel syndrome IBS A chronic disorder involving abdominal pain, bloating and changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea.

It is caused by an overactive bowel. K Karyotype A record of the complete set of your chromosomes. Karyotyping A procedure to produce a karyotype using a blood or tissue sample. It is used to check for abnormalities in the chromosomes. Ketones An acid remaining when the body burns its own fat. It is often a sign of dehydration and can be tested by a blood or urine test. Waste products are then excreted as urine. Small cuts are made in the abdomen and an electrical current is used to destroy a tiny part of the ovaries.

Labour The stages of childbirth. Labour is divided into three stages; first, second and third. Laparoscopy Keyhole surgery involving up to four small cuts in the abdomen. A telescopic microscope called a laparoscope is inserted into the body to help diagnosis or treatment. Laparotomy A cut up to 14 inches long giving surgeons access to the abdomen. Libido Sexual desire. LLETZ A common treatment for cervical cell changes that uses a loop-shaped wire to remove the affected area.

Sometimes called loop electrosurgical excisional procedure LEEP. Lupus A condition caused by your immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells in your body.

Symptoms may include problems with your skin, joints and kidneys; extreme tiredness and muscle pain. Luteinising hormone LH A natural hormone released during the menstrual cycle to help stimulate ovulation. Lynch Syndrome Also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer HNPCC , is a type of inherited cancer syndrome associated with a genetic predisposition to different cancer types.

This means people with Lynch syndrome have a higher risk of certain types of cancer. M Major placenta praevia A low-lying placenta entirely covering the cervix. See also placenta praevia. Meconium The poo that your baby does when they are first born. It is black and sticky like tar. Sometimes your baby can do a poo pass meconium before they are born. If this happens you may be advised to have closer monitoring during labour and your baby will be monitored more closely when they are first born.

Medical abortion A way of ending a pregnancy by using medicines. See also abortion and surgical abortion. Membranes Another word for the amniotic sac. Mesh Mesh sometimes known as tape is a synthetic plastic product that looks like a net.

It stays in the body permanently. A natural mesh can be created using a strip of tissue fascia taken from another part of the body, usually abdominal wall or thigh, which is also known as fascial or autologous sling. Meningitis Inflammation in the brain caused by a virus or bacteria. See also menstrual cycle.

Menstrual cycle The monthly process in which an egg develops and the lining of the womb is prepared for possible pregnancy. If the egg is not fertilised, it is reabsorbed back into the body and the lining of the womb the endometrium is shed.

This is known as a period or menstruation. The cycle is controlled by hormones and on average a cycle lasts 28 days. Meta-analysis A way of combining and contrasting results from different studies with the aim of finding underlying patterns common to all. Miscarriage The unplanned ending of a pregnancy before 23 completed weeks. Midtrimester The middle stage of pregnancy, between 13 and 26 weeks. Molar pregnancy A rare condition where the placenta overgrows and the embryo does not form correctly.

Multiple pregnancy When a woman is carrying more than one baby, e. N Neonatal unit An intensive care unit designed with special equipment to care for premature or seriously ill newborn babies. Neonatalologist A doctor who specialises in caring for newborn babies. Neural tube defects Abnormalities of the skull or back bone of a developing baby that happen during the first 12 weeks of your pregnancy and which will affect your baby from birth.

Taking folic acid before becoming pregnant and for the first 3 months of pregnancy can help to prevent neural tube defects. O Obstetrician A doctor who specialises in the care of pregnant women. Oedema Swelling in any part of the body.

Oestrogen See estrogen. Oligohydramnios Too little fluid amniotic fluid surrounding the baby in the uterus. Oocyte donation When eggs are donated to help another women become pregnant. Os The opening of the cervix. Symptoms are abdominal swelling or bloating, nausea and vomiting. They produce follicles from which eggs develop. Ovulation The process by which the ovaries produce and release an egg each month.

Ovulation usually takes place around 10—16 days before a period. Oxytocics Drugs that stimulate the womb to contract. P Peer review An assessment of the content and quality of a report or body of research by a group of individuals who have a range of expertise in a particular field. Paediatrician A doctor who specialises in the care of babies, children and teenagers. Pelvic Of the pelvis. Pelvic congestion Swollen pelvic veins.

Pelvic floor muscles Layers of muscle which support the bladder and other organs in the pelvis. Pelvic pain Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis. Pelvis The bony structure at the lower part of the abdomen. Perineal tear When the perineum area between your vaginal opening and anus tears during childbirth.

Perineum The area of skin between the vagina and the anus. Period A bleed from the vagina between every 3 to 5 weeks which forms part of the menstrual cycle see menstrual cycle.

Peritoneum The tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen. Pessaries A medication or device which is placed in the vagina. Physiotherapy Special exercises and physical activities to improve body function and strength. Pituitary gland A gland in the brain that produces hormones. It is delivered after the baby, when it is known as the afterbirth.

Placenta accreta When the placenta is attached to the muscle of the womb and does not come away properly after the birth. Placenta praevia A condition where the placenta covers all or part of the cervix. If the placenta does not move sufficiently it may be necessary to perform a caesarean. See also major placenta praevia. Platelets Specialised cells necessary for blood clotting. Polycystic ovaries Ovaries which have at least twice as many developing follicles as normal ovaries in the early part of the menstrual cycle.

It can also affect long-term health. Polyhydramnios Too much fluid amniotic fluid surrounding the baby in the uterus. Post-mortem A medical examination of the body to find a cause of death. Postpartum haemorrhage Heavy blood loss after the delivery of the baby.

Pre-eclampsia also known as toxaemia A condition that occurs in the second half of pregnancy, associated with high blood pressure and protein in the urine. Pregnancy test A test on a sample of urine or blood to confirm whether a woman is pregnant.

The test works by detecting the presence of a pregnancy hormone. Preterm labour Labour that happens before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Progesterone A hormone produced as a result of ovulation. It prepares the lining of the womb to enable a fertilised egg to implant there. Progestogen A synthetic hormone , similar to progesterone.

It thickens the mucus around the cervix , making it difficult for sperm to get into the womb or for a fertilised egg to implant in the womb. Prolactin The hormone which is responsible for producing breast milk. Prolapse Where the bladder , womb or bowel pushes through the wall of the vagina. Prostaglandin The hormone that makes the womb contract during labour.

Synthetic prostaglandins can be used to induce labour or in medical abortion to end a pregnancy. Proteinuria Protein in the urine. Pubic, pubis The area around the bone at the front of the pelvis. Pudendal block A local anaesthetic injection inside the vagina. Pulmonary embolus Part of a blood clot DVT which breaks off and travels in the blood stream and becomes stuck in the lung.

R Randomised controlled trial RCT A study which tests the effectiveness and safety of treatments or procedures as fairly and objectively as possible. By randomly assigning patients to different treatments for the same problem, the results can be assessed equally with the aim of discovering the best possible procedure for the condition. Rectocele When the rectum bulges into the weakened wall of the vagina. Rectum The part of the large intestine which stores solid waste until it leaves the body through the anus.

Recurrent miscarriage When a woman loses three or more babies before 23 completed weeks. Regional Anaesthetic This is anaesthetic given to numb part of your body for an operation and is an alternative to a general anaesthetic where you are asleep for your operation.

Reproductive organs The parts of the male and female body needed to create and sustain a pregnancy. Reproductive years In women, the time from the start of menstrual periods menarche to the menopause. Retrovirus A type of virus. HIV is a retrovirus. These people are known as RhD positive. People who do not have the protein are described as RhD negative. See also blood group.

Risk The chance that an activity or hazard will give rise to harm. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists RCOG We are the professional body who oversee the medical education, training and examination of obstetricians and gynaecologists in the UK and many places overseas. We set internationally recognised standards and produce clinical guidelines for treatment and care.

Rupture of membranes The medical term for the breaking of waters in pregnancy. S Sanitary pad A disposable pad of absorbent material used to collect blood during menstruation and after childbirth. Scientific evidence Information gathered in a systematic way to confirm or disprove a particular idea. Growing understanding may result in established practices being changed.

Screening A test or set of tests to check for a condition in a person who shows no symptoms, but who may be at risk perhaps because of their age or sexual behaviour, for example. Second-degree tear A tear during childbirth which affects the muscle of the perineum as well as the skin, and usually requiring stitches. Second stage of labour The period when the cervix is fully dilated until the birth. This is the time when the woman will start pushing.

Semen The fluid that contains sperm. Sepsis The immune system’s overreaction to an infection or injury which can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. Severe pre-eclampsia When pre-eclampsia has progressed and treatment is required or the baby needs to be delivered.

Sexually transmitted infection STI An infection that is passed on through close physical contact during sex. Some STIs have no symptoms, so it is important to be tested if you think you have been at risk. See also chlamydia , genital herpes and HIV. Sickle cell disease SCD An inherited condition in which red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body, develop abnormally. Skin to skin contact Having your baby on you with their naked skin next to yours. This helps with temperature control, establishing breast feeding and bonding with your new baby Sonographer A healthcare professional who uses ultrasound equipment to scan your baby to in order to check their growth and development Special care baby unit A specialist unit in a hospital to care for premature babies.

Speculum A plastic or metal instrument used to separate the walls of the vagina to show or reach the cervix. Men usually have millions of sperm in their semen. Spina bifida A condition which affects the unborn baby in the early stages of pregnancy. Spina bifida causes damage to the spinal cord and nerves. Spinal anaesthesia An anaesthetic injection into the lower back that numbs the lower body so surgery can be carried out in this area without you feeling any pain.

Spontaneous vaginal birth The natural birth of a baby through the vaginal canal without assistance. Sterilisation Permanent contraception for women see tubal occlusion and men see vasectomy.

Steroids A group of natural or synthetic hormones. See also corticosteroids. Stillbirth When a baby is born dead after the 23rd completed week of pregnancy. Stool or faeces The waste matter discharged in a bowel movement. Stress incontinence Leaking urine during everyday activities like coughing, laughing or exercising. This usually happens because the muscles that support the bladder are too weak. Succenturial lobe An additional piece of placenta connected by membranes.

See also abortion and medical abortion. Sutures Stitches which may dissolve, or remain within the body permanently. Symptom A specific medical sign of a condition, illness or disease. Syndrome A collection of different signs and symptoms that are all part of the same underlying medical condition.

Systematic review A review of evidence from a number of studies on a particular topic. The review uses standardised methods to analyse results and assess conclusions. T Thrombophilia A blood clotting abnormality which tends to run in families, whereby the blood is more likely to clot than usual. Tachycardia A rapid heart beat. Tampon A tube of absorbent material that fits into the vagina to absorb the menstrual blood. Temperature The degree of hotness or coldness of a body or an environment.

Term Between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy. Testosterone A male hormone that occurs in small amounts in women and can be used as a part of hormone replacement therapy Third-degree tear A tear during childbirth which extends downwards from the vaginal wall and perineum to the anal sphincter, the muscle that controls the anus. Threatened miscarriage Bleeding before 24 weeks of pregnancy which occurs without harm to the baby.

Thrombosis A clot in a blood vessel. Thrush See vaginal thrush. To open bowels To go to the toilet to pass solid waste. Tocolysis Treatments used to delay or prevent early labour. Toxaemia See pre-eclampsia.

Transabdominal scan A scan where the probe is moved across the abdomen. Transvaginal scan A scan where the probe is placed inside the vagina. Transverse position When the baby is lying across the womb. Trimester A three-month period of time. Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters: First trimester — up to around 13 weeks Second trimester — to around 13 to 26 weeks Third trimester — around 27 to 40 weeks Tubal occlusion An operation which blocks, seals or cuts the fallopian tubes.

Also known as sterilisation. It is a permenant method of contraception for women. U Ultrasound High-frequency sound waves used to provide images of the body, tissues and internal organs. Urethra The tube through which urine empties out of the bladder. Urethracele When the tissues that hold the urethra in place weaken, causing it to move and put pressure on the vagina , sometimes pushing through the wall of the vagina.

Urine Excreted fluids containing waste products of the body. Urodynamics Tests to assess how the bladder is working. Uterine rupture This is when the muscle of your uterus womb tears, usually because of contractions while you are in labour. Uterine sarcoma A disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the muscles of the uterus or other tissues that support the uterus, rather than the lining of the womb, as in the case of uterine carcinoma.

Uterus also known as womb The organ where a baby develops during pregnancy. Made of muscle, it is hollow, stretchy and about the size and shape of an upside-down pear. V Vagina The canal leading from the vulva to the cervix. Vaginal discharge Any vaginal secretion except menstrual bleeding. Normal vaginal discharge A clear or whitish fluid that comes from the vagina or cervix. Abnormal vaginal discharge An abnormal smelling yellow or green discharge which should be assessed by a doctor.

This may be carried out using a speculum. Vaginal swab Similar to a cotton bud, but smaller and rounder. Some have a small plastic loop at the end instead of a cotton tip. It is wiped over the vagina to collect samples of fluid to check for infection.

Vaginal thrush An infection caused by a yeast known as Candida albicans. Symptoms include redness and itching around the genital area and unusual vaginal discharge. Varicella The medical name for chickenpox. See chickenpox. Vas deferens The tube which carries sperm from the testicles to the penis. Vasectomy A permanent method of contraception for men.

It blocks, seals or cuts the tube the vas deferens which carries sperm from the testicles to the penis. Vein A blood vessel that takes blood towards the heart. Velamentous cord insertion Normally the umbilical cord inserts into the centre of the placenta.

Velamentous cord insertion is when it runs through the membranes before reaching the placenta Venous thrombosis A blood clot that forms in a vein. Virus A micro-organism which invades living cells in order to grow or reproduce. Viruses cause many infections, from the common cold, chickenpox and measles to HIV. Vulva The area surrounding the opening of the vagina.

It includes the inner and outer vaginal lips the labia and the clitoris. W Weak cervix When the cervix the neck of the womb opens too early in pregnancy, in the second trimester , and without contractions. White cell Cells in the lymphatic and blood systems of the body which fight infection. White cell count A count to measure the number of white blood cells.

Womb See uterus. Elsewhere on the site. FAQs Read the most common queries put to the College by patients. Patient information leaflets Read the information leaflets designed especially for patients. The tummy area from the lower ribs to the pelvis. Of the abdomen. Ending a pregnancy using either medicines medical abortion or an operation surgical abortion.

Endometriosis in the muscle wall of the uterus. Scars that connects two or more body structures together. A way of testing the fluid surrounding a baby in the womb by taking a small sample with a needle put into the womb through the abdomen. The watery liquid surrounding and protecting the growing fetus in the uterus. The pregnancy sac containing the baby and the amniotic fluid. A condition when the level of haemoglobin, the protein in blood which carries oxygen round the body, is lower than normal.

The muscle around the anus that is squeezed to prevent passing wind or opening the bowels involuntarily. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that needs immediate treatment. A condition caused by your immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells in your body. It can increase your risk of blood clots and of pregnancy complications such as recurrent miscarriage or stillbirth.

Medicines to fight an infection caused by bacteria. Blood protein that helps fight attacks on the immune system , such as those caused by bacteria and viruses. See RhD antigen. A substance in the blood that helps trigger the immune system to develop antibodies. Drugs which relieve cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines, bladder and womb uterus. When special instruments forceps or ventouse are used to help deliver the baby during the pushing part of labour.

Treatments to help people conceive a baby. A very common vaginal infection which results in discharge and soreness. Bile acids are made in your liver and they help you to digest fat and fat soluble vitamins. When a baby has experienced a reduced level of oxygen around the time of birth. The organ in the pelvis which stores urine before it is passed out through the urethra. A way of teaching your bladder to hold more urine. The way blood is classified by proteins known as antigens on the surface of your red blood cells.

A measurement to work out the range of healthy weights for a person. When the baby is lying bottom first in the womb. A protein in the blood that is raised in ovarian cancer. Caesarean birth. An operation in which a baby is born through a cut made in the wall of the abdomen and the uterus. Candida albicans. See vaginal thrush. A small tube that can be passed through a part of the body, for example through the urethra to empty the bladder. The tiny building blocks which make up the organs and tissues of the body.

An internal swab test to check your cervix is healthy. The entrance or neck of the womb , at the top of the vagina. A viral infection also called herpes zoster, varicella or varicella zoster. Chlamydia trachomatis. A sexually transmitted infection which can damage the reproductive system of both men and women if it is not treated promptly. The name for a group of blood fats. Cysts which form on the ovaries in some women who have endometriosis.

An infection inside the uterus affecting the membranes called the chorion and amnion which surround the amniotic fluid. A different number or arrangement of chromosomes from the usual pattern. The genetic structures within cells which contain our DNA the material that carries genetic information.

Something that persists or continues for at least six months. When no cell changes are present along the edge of tissue removed during treatment for cervical cell changes.

Statements based on properly researched evidence which help healthcare professionals and patients to make decisions about medical care and treatments. A small organ under a fold of skin at the top of the vulva.

A common infection caused by the herpes simplex virus that is spread from person to person by bodily fluids blood, breast milk, saliva and semen. The first breastmilk produced during pregnancy and in the first few days after your baby is born. A type of microscope used to see the cervix in detail during colposcopy. Colposcopist, colposcopy nurse specialist or nurse colposcopist. A doctor or nurse who has completed medical or nursing training and continued onto colposcopy training.

A hospital examination used to diagnose, monitor and treat cervical cell changes. Treatments and therapies that are not part of conventional medicine. When all the tissue associated with a pregnancy has gone and the uterus is empty. Problems that develop after an operation, treatment or illness. A consultant led maternity unit is a maternity unit where there are specialist doctors obstetricians and anesthetists as well as midwives, available at all times to look after you during your labour and the birth of your baby.

When an egg is fertilised by sperm and then starts to grow in the womb. A state of being, like being healthy or fit, or having a problem, such as a heart problem. Contraception, or birth control, is what you and your partner can use to help prevent an unwanted pregnancy or to space out your pregnancies. A trained professional who helps people to make sense of feelings and issues. This is a machine that measures your baby’s heart beat and your contractions by using sensors that are attached to your abdomen with an elastic belt.

When the bladder bulges into the weakened wall of the vagina. Delaying the cutting of the umbilical cord for a few minutes, which allows time for extra blood to flow from the placenta into the baby. A pregnancy that has ended although the fetus is still inside the uterus.

Birth of a baby and its afterbirth see placenta. A condition caused by high levels of glucose a form of sugar in the blood. A serious, lifelong condition where your blood glucose level is too high because your body can’t make a hormone called insulin, which controls blood glucose. If you blood glucose levels are too high it can cause a variety of health problems for you. A surgical procedure to heat up and destroy body tissue or stop bleeding.

A letter a hospital doctor sends to a GP once treatment has finished telling the GP what has been done. A method for measuring the flow of blood, for example through the umbilical cord during pregnancy. When a fertilised egg embryo implants outside the womb usually in one of the fallopian tubes. A clinic that specialises in problems in early pregnancy under 12 weeks where a woman receives medical care, counselling and treatment as required.

See diathermy. A caesarean delivery which was not planned during pregnancy. A condition where cells of the lining of the womb the endometrium are found elsewhere, usually around the pelvis and near the womb. A female sex hormone produced by the ovaries as part of the menstrual cycle. A way of using reliable, objective, up-to-date evidence about how well different treatments or interventions work. The baby is bottom first, with the thighs against the chest and feet up by the ears. Gentle pressure applied to the abdomen, if the baby is breech, by the obstetrician or midwife towards the end of pregnancy to help the baby turn in the uterus so it lays head first.

The pair of hollow tubes leading from the womb to the fimbriae near the ovaries. When a sperm enters an egg and an embryo forms. Treatment to encourage the ovaries to produce an egg. When a couple fail to conceive after having regular sexual intercourse for more than a year. Non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscle myometrium of the womb uterus. The fern-like ends of the fallopian tubes , near the ovaries. The baby is laying bottom first in the womb, with the thighs against the chest and the knees bent.

A B vitamin which reduces the risk of a baby being born with a spinal defect such as spina bifida. The part of the ovary where the egg develops. Smooth metal instruments like large spoons or tongs which are used to help deliver the baby. A natural substance in the blood that protects against disease and infection. Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually resulting in diarrhoea or vomiting. A biological unit which passes on inherited information from parent to child, like facial characteristics.

Relating to, caused or controlled by genes. Discussions with a specialist to help you decide what to do if you, your partner or a close relative is found to carry an inheritable disease.

The sexual organs: in a woman, the vagina and vulva ; and in a man, the penis and testicles. An infection caused by the virus Herpes simplex the virus that also causes cold sores.

An uncommon group of conditions involving the placenta, which includes complete and partial molar pregnancies. This is a rare form of cancer which can develop from a molar pregnancy or other forms of gestational trophoblastic disease. Hormones that help ovulation in women and the production of sperm in men.

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoea or gonococcus. A bacterium that is commonly present within the vagina. Recommendations for good medical practice. A doctor who treats medical conditions and diseases that affect women and their reproductive organs.

A combination of drugs used to treat people with HIV. Very heavy bleeding. It can happen: Before 24 weeks of pregnancy threatened miscarriage or miscarriage if the pregnancy is lost After 24 weeks of pregnancy antepartum haemorrhage Immediately after birth postpartum haemorrhage. A combined liver and blood clotting disorder which is a complication of pre-eclampsia.

A family of viruses which cause a range of infections including chickenpox Herpes zoster , or varicella , cold sores and genital herpes Herpes simplex. A ward or area in a hospital that provides care for people who need intensive observation or treatment.

Naturally occurring substances made in the body which control the activity of normal cells. Hormone replacement therapy is the use of hormones to treat symptoms related to low levels of hormones in the body.

A common virus that most men and women will have at some point in their life. A disorder which increases the normal level of the hormone prolactin. A small structure at the base of the brain which regulates body functions such as temperature and appetite. An operation to remove the cervix and womb , carried out through a cut on the abdomen abdominal hysterectomy or the vagina vaginal hysterectomy. An ultrasound test of the fallopian tubes or the womb , using fluid injected through the cervix.

An X-ray of the fallopian tubes or the womb , using fluid injected through the cervix. A small operation which opens the entrance to the womb cervix to remove tissue from the lining of the womb the endometrium. Protection against infectious diseases through the action of the immune system. The process through which an embryo attaches to the lining of the womb.

Conditions which can be passed from person to person by micro-organisms like viruses or bacteria. A bodily response in which white blood cells and other immune cell protect your body from disease or injury. Providing enough quality information about a suggested treatment to help a patient decide whether to go ahead. A way of putting a drug or fluid into the bloodstream through a needle at a steady rate over a period of time.

Inflammation of the bladder wall. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI. A form of assisted conception in which a single sperm is injected into an egg. A small device fitted into the womb to prevent conception. Intrauterine insemination IUI.

A small T-shaped contraceptive device that is fitted into the womb. Fluids put into a vein to rehydrate the body.

What Does RR Mean In Medical Terms? – Medical Wizards.Abbreviations you may find in your health records – NHS account help and support – NHS

What does RR mean in medical terms? In this article, you will know more about what it stands for and how to cure this kind of condition. The answer is that it stands for respiratory rate. This is the number of breaths per minute that a person takes. Between 12 to 20 breaths per minute are considered normal for an adult while they are resting. If it is too slow, it is called bradypnea. Certain medical conditions can also cause changes in respiratory rate.

For example, anxiety or panic attacks may cause someone to breathe faster than normal. Asthma, on the other hand, can cause someone to have a slower respiratory rate. It is important to note that children and infants typically have faster respiratory rates than adults do. This is because their bodies are still growing and developing and they generally have higher metabolism rates. If you are concerned about your respiratory rate, or if you think it may be outside of the normal range, you should speak with your doctor.

They will be able to provide you with more specific information and help you determine if there is cause for concern. Respiratory rate is the number of breaths per minute.

The normal rate for children is higher than that of adults. The average respiratory rate for a baby is about 30 to 60 breaths per minute. For a toddler, the average is breathing 24 to 40 a minute.

For school-age children, the average is breathing 20 to 30 times a minute. The normal rate for children varies depending on age, activity level, and health. If your child has a cold or other illness, their respiratory rate may be higher than usual. Respiratory rates can also vary depending on whether a child is awake or asleep. Children typically have a lower respiratory rate when they are sleeping.

Newborns and infants may have periods of apnea brief pauses in breathing during sleep. This is normal and usually does not require treatment. They will be able to determine if there is cause for concern and provide you with the appropriate treatment.

Many different things can cause a high respiratory rate. Some common causes include:. Many different things can cause a low respiratory rate. Checking your respiratory rate at home is easy and only requires a few materials. To accurately check your respiratory rate, sit up straight and placed the tips of your first two fingers on the lower side of your neck, just above your collarbone.

You should feel your pulse beneath your fingers. Once you have located your pulse, begin counting the number of times your heart beats in one minute.

This is your heart rate. Next, count the number of breaths you take in one minute. This is your respiratory rate. If you find that you are having difficulty counting both numbers accurately, try using a stopwatch to time yourself for one minute. Once you have your respiratory rate, it is important to keep track of it over time so that you can see if there are any changes. Checking your respiratory rate regularly is a good way to monitor your health and see if you need to seek medical attention.

Abnormal respiratory rates can be caused by a variety of factors, including anxiety, asthma, heart failure , and sleep apnea. Treatment for an abnormal respiratory rate will vary depending on the underlying cause. For example, if anxiety is the cause, treatment may involve therapy and relaxation techniques.

If asthma is the cause, treatment may include medications to control airway inflammation. If heart failure is the cause, treatment may involve diuretics to reduce fluid buildup in the lungs. And if sleep apnea is the cause, treatment may involve the use of a continuous positive airway pressure CPAP machine.

In some cases, more than one treatment may be necessary to control an abnormal respiratory rate. For example, a person with anxiety and asthma may need both medication and therapy. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, most people with an abnormal respiratory rate can lead healthy and normal lives.

You should see a doctor if you are concerned about your respiratory rate or if you think it may be outside of the normal range. Your doctor will be able to provide you with more specific information and help you determine if there is cause for concern. They may also recommend you get a chest x-ray or other tests to rule out any underlying conditions. If your doctor does find an underlying condition, they will work with you to develop a treatment plan.

This may include medications, lifestyle changes, or surgery. A normal rate for an adult at rest is between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Contents hide. Leave a Comment Cancel Reply Your email address will not be published.

List of medical abbreviations: R – Wikipedia – What is the difference between remarkable and unremarkable?

In medical terms, what does Glosso mean? Speech or language are the terms used to describe the tongue. Glosso refers to medical terms such as glossitis, tongue inflammation, and glossodynia Greek odun, painmfan pain in the tongue. Glotto- gloss- and glotto- what does i & r mean in medical terms – what does i & r mean in medical terms: before a vowel.

In medical terminology, what do terms mean? What exactly is Sialaden O? Encephalopathy is a brain disease, damage, or malfunction. Encephalopathy is characterized by dods altered mental state that can be accompanied by physical changes at times. Although there are numerous causes of encephalopathy, the majority of them are caused by infection, liver damage, anoxia, or kidney failure. The first of the three parts of the small intestine is the duodenum. The breakdown and absorption of nutrients is made easier by the duodenum.

Ileo- is a combination form that acts as a prefix for the word ileum, which is the third and lowest division of the small intestine. It is frequently used in medical doez, particularly in the fields of anatomy and pathology.

Medical terminology allows all medical professionals to communicate effectively and understand one another. By creating acronyms, you can memorize a collection of similar or related medical terms. Simply form a single new terma: or phrase out of one letter of each word. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes are the most common diagnoses among Practice Fusion-using patients, according to the findings. Back pain, anxiety, and obesity are all on the tennessee whiskey chords george. With the medical context implicit, it is most commonly referred to as diagnosis.

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